Palabras clave
cambio climático
salud pública
empatía
estudiantes del área de la salud
estudios controlados antes y después
salud pública
empatía
estudiantes del área de la salud
estudios controlados antes y después
Cómo citar
Salazar-Ceballos, A. ., & Álvarez-Miño, L. . (2020). Empatía y percepción del riesgo del cambio climático en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud . Duazary, 17(3), 10–24. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3317
Resumen
Para determinar el aumento de los niveles de empatía y percepción del riesgo del cambio climático en estudiantes universitarios de la salud se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental. La intervención fue una estrategia educativa. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia dos grupos de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Los niveles de empatía se midieron con la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson versión estudiantes y de la Encuesta de percepción sobre riesgo al cambio climático como una amenaza para la salud humana se midieron dos ítems: índice de percepción de riesgo y conocimiento sobre los efectos en la salud por causa del cambio climático. Se encontraron diferencias entre pre y post-test (p < 0,05). En el pre-test ambos grupos presentaron niveles de empatía altos con un promedio de 107. Para el post-test, el grupo experimental, presentó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de empatía. Se establecieron correlaciones significativas entre empatía global y factores de empatía: cuidado con compasión y toma de perspectiva; y correlación significativa entre el factor de empatía Cuidado con compasión y Conocimiento sobre los efectos en la salud por el cambio climático. Este trabajo evidenció como una estrategia educativa puede fomentar la empatía en estudiantes de la salud.Citas
1. World Health Organization [Internet]. Protecting health from climate change: connecting science, policy and people. 2009. [Actualizado 11 Dic 2010; Citado 6 Mar 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/reports/9789241598880/en/ .
2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: Cambrige University Press; 2007. [Citado 15 Jun 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_synthesis_report.htm.
3. Hess JJ, McDowell JZ, Luber G. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Public Health Practice: Using Adaptive Management to Increase Adaptive Capacity and Build Resilience. Environ Health Perspect. 2012; 120: 171-9. Doi: http://doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103515.
4. Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins A, Morse A, Colón-González, Stenlund H, Martens Lloyd S. Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. PNAS. 2014; 111 (9):3286-3291. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302089111
5. Olson S, Gangnon R, Elguero E, Durieux L, Guégan F, Foley J, and Patz J. Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15(4):659-662. Doi: https://doi:10.3201/eid1504.080822
6. Lama J, Seas C, León-Barúa R, Gotuzzo E, Sack R. Environmental temperatura, cholera, and acute diarrhoea in adults in Lima, Peru. J Health Popul Nutr. 2004; 22 (4):399-403. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663172
7. Franchini M, Mannuccio P. Impact on human health of climate changes. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015; 26: 1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.008
8. Akil L, Ahmad HA, Reddy RS. Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014;11(12):974-80. Doi: https://doi: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802
9. Haines A, Kovats RS, Campbell-Lendrumb D, Corvalan C. Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health. 2006; 120:585-6. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16798393
10. Oloukoi G, Bob U, Jaggernath J. Perception and trends of associated health risks with seasonal climate variation in Oke-Ogun region, Nigeria. Health & Place. 2014; 25: 47-55. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.009.
11. Pabón JD. Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 2012; 36 (139): 261-278. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-39082012000200010
12. García M, Piñeros A, Bernal F, Ardila E. Variabilidad climática, cambio climático y el recurso hídrico en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería. 2012; 36: 60-64. Disponible en: https://ojsrevistaing.uniandes.edu.co/ojs/index.php/revista/article/view/136
13. Olivero-Verbel J. Colombia: Environmental Health Issues. En: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, from Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2011:740-754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00395-0
14. Vallejo J. A Regional Strategy for Water Resource Management in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Tropical Resources Bulletin. 2011; 30: 28-35. Disponible en: http://environment.yale.edu/tri/publications/tropical-resources-volume-30/
15. Calderon A, Harris J, Kirsch P. Health interventions used by mayor resource companies operating in Colombia. Resources Policy. 2016; 47:187-197. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.003
16. Salazar-Ceballos A, Freyle N, Tamara G, Álvarez-Miño L. Percepción sobre riesgo al cambio climático como una amenaza para la salud humana, Taganga, Santa Marta, 2014. Revista Luna Azul. 2016; 43: 102- 127. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2016.43.6.
17. Salazar-Ceballos A, Álvarez-Miño L, Muñoz-Sánchez EP, Carreño-Orozco JD, Rodríguez-Choles BH. Percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud y enfermedades infecciosas en estudiantes universitarios, Santa Marta, Colombia, 2011. Rev Cuid. 2014; 5(1): 613-22. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S2216-09732014000100005&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es.
18. Samet JM, Woodward A. National Government Denial of Climate Change and State and Local Public Health Action in a Federalist System. American Journal of Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Apr [cited 2019 Sep 14];108(S2): S112–3. Disponible en : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29698096
19. Van Boven L, Ehret PJ, Sherman DK. Psychological Barriers to Bipartisan Public Support for Climate Policy. Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Sep 14];13(4):492–507. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29961412
20. Häkkinen K, Akrami N. Ideology and climate change denial. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014; 70: 62–65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.030
21. Jylhä KM, Akrami N. Social dominance orientation and climate change denial: The role of dominance and system justification. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 86:108–111. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.041
22. Jylhä KM, Cantal C, Akrami N, Milfont TL. Denial of anthropogenic climate change: Social dominance orientation helps explain the conservative male effect in Brazil and Sweden. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 98:184–187. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.020
23. Del Canale S, Louis D, Maio V, Wang X, Rossi G, Hojat M, Gonnella J. The Relationship Between Physician Empathy and Disease Complications: An Empirical Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Diabetic Patients in Parma, Italy. Acad Med. 2012; 87:1243–1249. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836852
24. Urday S, Ugald R, Arancibia Z, Díaz VP. Evaluación de los niveles de orientación empática en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae de Santiago, Chile. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral. 2013; 6(3): 130-133. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072013000300006
25. Sachs JD, Schmidt-Traub G, Mazzucato M, Messner D, Nakicenovic N, Rockström J. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability. 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9
26. Schmidt-Traub G. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [Internet]. Nature Research Sustainability Community. Springer Nature; 2019 [cited 2019 Sep 14]. Disponible en: https://sustainabilitycommunity.nature.com/users/276024-guido-schmidt-traub/posts/52751-six-transformations-to-achieve-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs
27. Markowitz E, Goldberg L, Ashton M, Lee K. Profiling the “pro-environmental individual”: a personality perspective. J Pers. 2012; 80 (1):81-111. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00721.x
28. Christov-Moore L, Simpson E, Coudé G, Grigaityte K, Lacoboni M, y Ferrari P. Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neurosci Behavior Rev. 2014; 46(Pt4); 604-627. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001
29. Wheeler H, Quinn C. Can Facebook aid sustainability? An investigation of empathy expression within the Humans of New York Blog. Sustainability. 2017; 9(6):1005. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061005
30. Pratto F, Sidanius, J, Stallworth LM, Malle BF. Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994; 67(4): 741-763. Disponible en: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3207711/sidanius_socialdominanceorientation.pdf?sequence=1
31. Kahriman I, Nural N, Arslan U, Topbas M, Can G, Kasim S. The Effect of Empathy Training on the Empathic Skills of Nurses. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016; 18(6): e24847. Doi: http//doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24847
32. Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K. A study of empathy decline in students from five health disciplines during their first year of training. International Journal of Medical Education. 2011; 2:12-17. Doi: https://doi:10.5116/ijme.4d47.ddb0
33. Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Palermo C, Morgan P, Nestel D, et al. Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care. 2015; 2:4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-015-0013-4
34. Alcorta-Garza A, San-Martín M, Delgado-Bolton R, Soler-González J, Roig H, Vivanco L. Cross-Validation of the Spanish HP-Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Confirmed with Some Cross-Cultural Differences. Front. Psychol. 2016; 7:1002. Doi: https://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01002
35. Alonso LM, Caro S, Erazo AM, Díaz V. Evaluación de la orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Norte, Barranquila (Colombia). Salud Uninorte. 2013; 29 (1): 22-33. Disponible en: ttp://rcientificas.uninorte.edu.co/index.php/salud/article/viewArticle/4751/3986
36. Madera-Anaya M, Tirado-Amador L, González-Martínez F. Factores relacionados con la empatía en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Cartagena. Enferm Clin 2016; 26:282-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2016.06.004
37. Harris AD, McGregor, JC, Perencevich, EN, Furuno, JP, Zhu J, Peterson DE, & Finkelstein J. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2006; 13 (1): 16-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749
38. McLean, S. F. Case-Based Learning and its Application in Medical and Health-Care Fields: A Review of Worldwide Literature. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2016; (3): 39-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4137/JMECD.S20377
39. Ministerio de Salud [Internet]. Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2012-2021 [Actualizado 12 Dic 2018; Citado 10 Ene 2017]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/plandecenal/Paginas/home2013.aspx
40. Center for Research in Medical Education & Health Care [internet]. Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Philadelphia University and Tomas Jefferson University [Actualizado 12 Dic 2016; Citado 14 Nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.jefferson.edu/university/skmc/research/research-medical-education/jefferson-scale-of-empathy.html
41. Quince T, Thiemann P, Benson J, Hyde S. Undergraduate medical students’ empathy: current perspectives. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2016; 7:443-455. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S76800.
42. Leombruni P, Di Lillo M, Miniotti M, Picardi A, Alessandri G, Sica C, et al. Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students. Perspect Med Educ. 2014; 3:419–430. Doi: https://doi: 10.1007/s40037-014-0137-9
43. Parra-Ramírez G, Cámara-Vallejos R. Nivel de empatía y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina. Inv Ed Med. 2016; 24 (6): 221-227. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riem.2016.11.001
44. Ozcakir A, Ediz B, Bilgel N. The relationship between subjective well-being and empathy among Turkish medical students. MedEdPublish. 2016; 5(2): 31 Doi: https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016.000059
45. Etikan I, Abubakar S, Rukayya -Sunusi R. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. 2016, 5;(1): 1-4. Doi: http://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
46. DeBono R, Vincenti K, Calleja N. Risk communication: climate change as a human-health threat, a survey of public perceptions in Malta, European Journal of Public Health. 2012; 22(1): 144–149. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq181
47. Dean S, Foureur M, Zaslawski C, Newton-John T, Yu N, Pappas E. The effects of a structured mindfulness program on the development of empathy in healthcare students. NursingPlus Open. 2017;3: 1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2017.02.001
48. Hojat, M. Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Rattner S, Erdmann JB, Gonnella JS, Magee M. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Medical Education.2004; 38(9):934-41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01911.x
49. Sinclair S, Norris JM, McConnell SJ, Chochinov HM, Hack TF, Hagen NA, et al. Compassion: a scoping review of the healthcare literature. BMC Palliative Care. 2016; 15(6). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-016-0080-0
50. Tierney S, Seers K, Tutton E, Reeve J. Enabling the flow of compassionate care: a grounded theory study. BMC Health Services Research. 2017; 17:174. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2120-8.
51. Kreslake JM, Sarfaty M, Roser-Renouf C, Leiserowitz AA, Maibach EW. The Critical Roles of Health Professionals in Climate Change Prevention and Preparedness. American Journal of Public Health. 2018;108(Suppl 2): S68-S69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304044.
52. Milfont TL, Wilson MS, Sibley CG. The public’s belief in climate change and its human cause are increasing over time. Lötters S, ed. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0174246. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174246.
53. Basu R, Rau R, Pearson D, Malig B. Temperature and Term Low Birth Weight in California. Am J Epidemiol. 2018; 187(11): 2306-2314. Doi: http://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy116
54. Sherman GD, Lerner JS, Renshon J, Ma-Kellams C, Joel S. Perceiving others feelings: the importance of personality and social structure. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2015; 6(5): 559-569. Doi: http//doi.org/10.1177/1948550614567358
2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: Cambrige University Press; 2007. [Citado 15 Jun 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_synthesis_report.htm.
3. Hess JJ, McDowell JZ, Luber G. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Public Health Practice: Using Adaptive Management to Increase Adaptive Capacity and Build Resilience. Environ Health Perspect. 2012; 120: 171-9. Doi: http://doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103515.
4. Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins A, Morse A, Colón-González, Stenlund H, Martens Lloyd S. Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. PNAS. 2014; 111 (9):3286-3291. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302089111
5. Olson S, Gangnon R, Elguero E, Durieux L, Guégan F, Foley J, and Patz J. Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15(4):659-662. Doi: https://doi:10.3201/eid1504.080822
6. Lama J, Seas C, León-Barúa R, Gotuzzo E, Sack R. Environmental temperatura, cholera, and acute diarrhoea in adults in Lima, Peru. J Health Popul Nutr. 2004; 22 (4):399-403. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663172
7. Franchini M, Mannuccio P. Impact on human health of climate changes. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015; 26: 1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.008
8. Akil L, Ahmad HA, Reddy RS. Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014;11(12):974-80. Doi: https://doi: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802
9. Haines A, Kovats RS, Campbell-Lendrumb D, Corvalan C. Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health. 2006; 120:585-6. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16798393
10. Oloukoi G, Bob U, Jaggernath J. Perception and trends of associated health risks with seasonal climate variation in Oke-Ogun region, Nigeria. Health & Place. 2014; 25: 47-55. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.009.
11. Pabón JD. Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 2012; 36 (139): 261-278. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-39082012000200010
12. García M, Piñeros A, Bernal F, Ardila E. Variabilidad climática, cambio climático y el recurso hídrico en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería. 2012; 36: 60-64. Disponible en: https://ojsrevistaing.uniandes.edu.co/ojs/index.php/revista/article/view/136
13. Olivero-Verbel J. Colombia: Environmental Health Issues. En: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, from Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2011:740-754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00395-0
14. Vallejo J. A Regional Strategy for Water Resource Management in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Tropical Resources Bulletin. 2011; 30: 28-35. Disponible en: http://environment.yale.edu/tri/publications/tropical-resources-volume-30/
15. Calderon A, Harris J, Kirsch P. Health interventions used by mayor resource companies operating in Colombia. Resources Policy. 2016; 47:187-197. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.003
16. Salazar-Ceballos A, Freyle N, Tamara G, Álvarez-Miño L. Percepción sobre riesgo al cambio climático como una amenaza para la salud humana, Taganga, Santa Marta, 2014. Revista Luna Azul. 2016; 43: 102- 127. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2016.43.6.
17. Salazar-Ceballos A, Álvarez-Miño L, Muñoz-Sánchez EP, Carreño-Orozco JD, Rodríguez-Choles BH. Percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud y enfermedades infecciosas en estudiantes universitarios, Santa Marta, Colombia, 2011. Rev Cuid. 2014; 5(1): 613-22. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S2216-09732014000100005&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es.
18. Samet JM, Woodward A. National Government Denial of Climate Change and State and Local Public Health Action in a Federalist System. American Journal of Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Apr [cited 2019 Sep 14];108(S2): S112–3. Disponible en : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29698096
19. Van Boven L, Ehret PJ, Sherman DK. Psychological Barriers to Bipartisan Public Support for Climate Policy. Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Sep 14];13(4):492–507. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29961412
20. Häkkinen K, Akrami N. Ideology and climate change denial. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014; 70: 62–65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.030
21. Jylhä KM, Akrami N. Social dominance orientation and climate change denial: The role of dominance and system justification. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 86:108–111. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.041
22. Jylhä KM, Cantal C, Akrami N, Milfont TL. Denial of anthropogenic climate change: Social dominance orientation helps explain the conservative male effect in Brazil and Sweden. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 98:184–187. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.020
23. Del Canale S, Louis D, Maio V, Wang X, Rossi G, Hojat M, Gonnella J. The Relationship Between Physician Empathy and Disease Complications: An Empirical Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Diabetic Patients in Parma, Italy. Acad Med. 2012; 87:1243–1249. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836852
24. Urday S, Ugald R, Arancibia Z, Díaz VP. Evaluación de los niveles de orientación empática en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae de Santiago, Chile. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral. 2013; 6(3): 130-133. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072013000300006
25. Sachs JD, Schmidt-Traub G, Mazzucato M, Messner D, Nakicenovic N, Rockström J. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability. 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9
26. Schmidt-Traub G. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [Internet]. Nature Research Sustainability Community. Springer Nature; 2019 [cited 2019 Sep 14]. Disponible en: https://sustainabilitycommunity.nature.com/users/276024-guido-schmidt-traub/posts/52751-six-transformations-to-achieve-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs
27. Markowitz E, Goldberg L, Ashton M, Lee K. Profiling the “pro-environmental individual”: a personality perspective. J Pers. 2012; 80 (1):81-111. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00721.x
28. Christov-Moore L, Simpson E, Coudé G, Grigaityte K, Lacoboni M, y Ferrari P. Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neurosci Behavior Rev. 2014; 46(Pt4); 604-627. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001
29. Wheeler H, Quinn C. Can Facebook aid sustainability? An investigation of empathy expression within the Humans of New York Blog. Sustainability. 2017; 9(6):1005. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061005
30. Pratto F, Sidanius, J, Stallworth LM, Malle BF. Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994; 67(4): 741-763. Disponible en: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3207711/sidanius_socialdominanceorientation.pdf?sequence=1
31. Kahriman I, Nural N, Arslan U, Topbas M, Can G, Kasim S. The Effect of Empathy Training on the Empathic Skills of Nurses. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016; 18(6): e24847. Doi: http//doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24847
32. Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K. A study of empathy decline in students from five health disciplines during their first year of training. International Journal of Medical Education. 2011; 2:12-17. Doi: https://doi:10.5116/ijme.4d47.ddb0
33. Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Palermo C, Morgan P, Nestel D, et al. Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care. 2015; 2:4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-015-0013-4
34. Alcorta-Garza A, San-Martín M, Delgado-Bolton R, Soler-González J, Roig H, Vivanco L. Cross-Validation of the Spanish HP-Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Confirmed with Some Cross-Cultural Differences. Front. Psychol. 2016; 7:1002. Doi: https://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01002
35. Alonso LM, Caro S, Erazo AM, Díaz V. Evaluación de la orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Norte, Barranquila (Colombia). Salud Uninorte. 2013; 29 (1): 22-33. Disponible en: ttp://rcientificas.uninorte.edu.co/index.php/salud/article/viewArticle/4751/3986
36. Madera-Anaya M, Tirado-Amador L, González-Martínez F. Factores relacionados con la empatía en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Cartagena. Enferm Clin 2016; 26:282-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2016.06.004
37. Harris AD, McGregor, JC, Perencevich, EN, Furuno, JP, Zhu J, Peterson DE, & Finkelstein J. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2006; 13 (1): 16-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749
38. McLean, S. F. Case-Based Learning and its Application in Medical and Health-Care Fields: A Review of Worldwide Literature. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2016; (3): 39-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4137/JMECD.S20377
39. Ministerio de Salud [Internet]. Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2012-2021 [Actualizado 12 Dic 2018; Citado 10 Ene 2017]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/plandecenal/Paginas/home2013.aspx
40. Center for Research in Medical Education & Health Care [internet]. Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Philadelphia University and Tomas Jefferson University [Actualizado 12 Dic 2016; Citado 14 Nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.jefferson.edu/university/skmc/research/research-medical-education/jefferson-scale-of-empathy.html
41. Quince T, Thiemann P, Benson J, Hyde S. Undergraduate medical students’ empathy: current perspectives. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2016; 7:443-455. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S76800.
42. Leombruni P, Di Lillo M, Miniotti M, Picardi A, Alessandri G, Sica C, et al. Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students. Perspect Med Educ. 2014; 3:419–430. Doi: https://doi: 10.1007/s40037-014-0137-9
43. Parra-Ramírez G, Cámara-Vallejos R. Nivel de empatía y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina. Inv Ed Med. 2016; 24 (6): 221-227. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riem.2016.11.001
44. Ozcakir A, Ediz B, Bilgel N. The relationship between subjective well-being and empathy among Turkish medical students. MedEdPublish. 2016; 5(2): 31 Doi: https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2016.000059
45. Etikan I, Abubakar S, Rukayya -Sunusi R. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. 2016, 5;(1): 1-4. Doi: http://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
46. DeBono R, Vincenti K, Calleja N. Risk communication: climate change as a human-health threat, a survey of public perceptions in Malta, European Journal of Public Health. 2012; 22(1): 144–149. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq181
47. Dean S, Foureur M, Zaslawski C, Newton-John T, Yu N, Pappas E. The effects of a structured mindfulness program on the development of empathy in healthcare students. NursingPlus Open. 2017;3: 1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2017.02.001
48. Hojat, M. Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Rattner S, Erdmann JB, Gonnella JS, Magee M. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Medical Education.2004; 38(9):934-41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01911.x
49. Sinclair S, Norris JM, McConnell SJ, Chochinov HM, Hack TF, Hagen NA, et al. Compassion: a scoping review of the healthcare literature. BMC Palliative Care. 2016; 15(6). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-016-0080-0
50. Tierney S, Seers K, Tutton E, Reeve J. Enabling the flow of compassionate care: a grounded theory study. BMC Health Services Research. 2017; 17:174. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2120-8.
51. Kreslake JM, Sarfaty M, Roser-Renouf C, Leiserowitz AA, Maibach EW. The Critical Roles of Health Professionals in Climate Change Prevention and Preparedness. American Journal of Public Health. 2018;108(Suppl 2): S68-S69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304044.
52. Milfont TL, Wilson MS, Sibley CG. The public’s belief in climate change and its human cause are increasing over time. Lötters S, ed. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0174246. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174246.
53. Basu R, Rau R, Pearson D, Malig B. Temperature and Term Low Birth Weight in California. Am J Epidemiol. 2018; 187(11): 2306-2314. Doi: http://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy116
54. Sherman GD, Lerner JS, Renshon J, Ma-Kellams C, Joel S. Perceiving others feelings: the importance of personality and social structure. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2015; 6(5): 559-569. Doi: http//doi.org/10.1177/1948550614567358
No se permite un uso comercial de la obra original ni de las posibles obras derivadas, la distribución de las cuales se debe hacer con una licencia igual a la que regula la obra original.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.