Refinement of the Emotional Dysregulation Scale (EDS-16): Dimensionality, Internal Consistency and Gender Differential Item Functioning

Main Article Content

Joseph Espitia Correa
Carmen Cecilia Caballero Domínguez
Adalberto Campo Arias

Abstract

Emotional regulation has shown great importance in people's mental health, which is why instruments have been designed for measurement. The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) is an instrument with an integrative conceptualization. However, the number of items and the limited psychometric performance has led to the development of new versions with varying lengths. The study aimed to refine a 16-item version of the DERS in Colombian adults through dimensionality, internal consistency, and gender differential items functioning by gender (GDIF). An online study was designed in which 435 adults between 18 and 79 participated (M = 35.30; SD = 14.13); 70.57% were female. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to corroborate the dimensionality; internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficients, and the GDIF using Kendall's tau-b. The 16-item version showed poor indicators of dimensionality and internal consistency. The refinement achieved a version of ten items distributed in two dimensions, with high internal consistency and without GDIF.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Espitia Correa, J., Caballero Domínguez, C. C., & Campo Arias, A. (2024). Refinement of the Emotional Dysregulation Scale (EDS-16): Dimensionality, Internal Consistency and Gender Differential Item Functioning. Jangwa Pana, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.21676/16574923.5397
Section
General Section

References

Amirrudin, M., Nasution, K., y Supahar, S. (2021). Effect of variability on Cronbach alpha reliability in research practice. Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi, 17(2), 223-230. Doi: https://doi.org/10.20956/jmsk.v17i2.11655

Anderson, L., Reilly, E., Gorrell, S., Schaumberg, K., y Anderson, D. (2016). Gender-based differential item function for the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 92, 87-91. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.016

Apaza, Z. R., Ramos, G. T., y Chang, E. L. G. (2022). Construcción y validación de instrumentos de medición en el ámbito de la salud. Revisión de Literatura. Revista Odontología Pediátrica, 21(1), e206-e206. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33738/spo.v21i1.206

Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., y Orcutt, H. K. (2012). An Examination of the latent structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(3), 382–392. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9280-y

Betancur, E. (2018). Revisión de literature sobre las propiedades psicométricas de las versions cortas de las escalas de deseabilidad social en las respuestas a cuestionarios de autoevaluación de competencias (tesis de maestría). Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.

Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M.T. , Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L.G., Bjärehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Hellner, C. y Gratz, L. (2016). Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 284-296. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x

Campo-Arias, A., Herazo, E. y Oviedo, H. (2012). Análisis de factores: fundamentos para la evaluación de instrumentos de medición en salud mental. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 41(3), 659-671. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60036-6

Campo-Arias, A., y Pineda-Roa, C. A. (2022). Instrument validation is a necessary, comprehensive, and permanent process. Alpha Psychiatry, 23(2), 89-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2022.21811

Catanzaro, S. y Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546-563. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674019

Chen, W. H., y Revicki, D. (2024). Differential item functioning (DIF). In Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 1783-1786). Springer International Publishing.

Côté, G., Gosselin,P., y Dagenais, I. (2013). Évaluation multidimensionnelle de la régulation des émotions: Propriétés psychométriques d’une version francophone du Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [Psychometric properties of a French version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale]. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 23, 63-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcc.2013.01.005

Ehde, D. y Nitsch, K. (2015). Measurement characteristics and clinical utility of the brief pain inventory-short form for individuals with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 60(4), 365-366. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000065

Ferrando, P. J., Lorenzo-Seva, U., Hernández-Dorado, A., y Muñiz, J. (2022). Decálogo para el análisis factorial de los ítems de un test. Psicothema, 34(1), 7-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.456

Fowler, C., Charak, R., Elhai, J., Allen, J., Frueh, C. y Oldham, J. (2014). Construct validity and factor structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale among adults with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 175-180. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.029

Giromini, L., Ales, F., De Campora, G., Zennaro, A. y Pignolo, C. (2017). Developing age and gender adjusted normative reference values for the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 705-714. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9611-0

Gratz, K. L., Bardeen, J. R., Levy, R., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., y Tull, M. T. (2015). Mechanisms of change in an emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 65, 29-35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.005.

Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., y Levy, R. (2014). Randomized controlled trial and uncontrolled 9-month follow-up of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2099-2112. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713002134

Gratz, K. L., y Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/B%3AJOBA.0000007455.08539.94

Gross, J. y John, O. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 2348-2362.

Hallion, L. S., Steinman, S. A., Tolin, D. F., y Diefenbach, G. J. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and its short forms in adults with emotional disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 155-112. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00539

Hambleton, R. K. (2006). Good practices for identifying differential item functioning. Medical Care, 44(11), S182-S188. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000245443.86671.c4

Hefetz, A. y Liberman, G. (2017). The factor analysis procedure for exploration: a short guide with examples. Cultura y Educación, 29(3), 526-562. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2017.1365425

Heiy, J. E., y Cheavens, J. S. (2014). Back to basics: A naturalistic assessment of the experience and regulation of emotion. Emotion, 14(5), 878-891. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037231

Herrera, J., Niño, M.V., Caycedo, C. y Cortés, O. (2008). Validación de la Escala de Desregulación Emocional en universitarios bogotanos (Tesis no publicada). Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz.

Herrero, J. (2010). El análisis factorial confirmatorio en el estudio de la estructura y estabilidad de los instrumentos de evaluación: un ejemplo con el cuestionario de autoestima CA-14. Psychosocial Intervention, 19(3), 289-300.

Hervás, G. y Jódar, R. (2008). Adaptación al castellano de la escala de dificultades en la regulación emocional. Clínica y Salud, 19(2). 139-156.

Hu, L., y Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.

Kaufman, E.A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C. R., y Crowell, S. E. (2016). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF): Validation and replication in adolescent and adult samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 443-455. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3

Keltner, D., Sauter, D., Tracy, J. L., Wetchler, E., y Cowen, A. S. (2022). How emotions, relationships, and culture constitute each other: Advances in social functionalist theory. Cognition and Emotion, 36(3), 388-401. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2022.2047009

Kendall, M. G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30 (2), 81-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81

Kyriazos, T. A. (2018). Applied psychometrics: sample size and sample power considerations in factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in general. Psychology, 9(08), 2207. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98126

Lausi, G., Quaglieri, A., Burrai, J., Mari, E. y Giannini, M. (2020). Development of the DERS-20 among the Italian population: A study for a short form of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(2). Doi: https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mcjp-2511

McDicken, J., Elliott, E., Blayney, G., Makin, S., Ali, M., Larner, A. y Quinn, T. (2019). Accuracy of the short-form Montreal cognitive assessment: Systematic review and validation. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(10), 1515-1525. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5162

Medrano, L. A., y Trógolo, M. (2014). Validación de la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional en la población universitaria de Córdoba, Argentina. Universitas Psychologica, 13(4), 1345-1356. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11144/ Javeriana.UPSY13-4.vedr

Michelini, Y., & Godoy, J. C. (2022). Adaptación argentina de dos escalas de dificultades en la regulación emocional en adultos emergentes universitarios. Psykhe, 31(1), 1-20. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2020.22585

Miguel, F. K., Giromini, L., Colombarolli, M. S., Zuanazzi, A. C., y Zennaro, A. (2017). A Brazilian investigation of the 36- and 16-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 1146-1159. Doi: https://doi.org//10.1002/jclp.22404

Moreira, H., Gouveia, M. J., y Canavarro, MC. (2022). Moreira, H., Gouveia, M.J. y Canavarro, M.C. A bifactor analysis of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF) in a sample of adolescents and adults. Current Psychology, 41, 757-782. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00602-5

Muñoz-Martínez, A., Vargas, R., y Hoyos-González, J. (2016). Escala de dificultades en regulación emocional (DERS): análisis factorial en muestra colombiana. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 19(1), 225-236. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.14718/ACP.2016.19.1.10

Osborn, T.L., Michonski, J., Sayrs, J., Welch, S. S., y Anderson, L. K. (2017). Factor structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in adult outpatients receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 355-371. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10862-017-9586-x

Ramzan, N., y Amjad, N. (2017). Cross cultural variation in emotion regulation: A systematic review. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 23(1), 3-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v23i1.1512

Reivan-Ortiz, G. G., Ortiz, P. E., y Reivan, P. N. (2020). A brief version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Validity evidence in Ecuadorian population. International Journal of Psychological Research, 13(2), 14-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.4325

Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J., y Reguant-Álvarez, M. (2020). Calcular la fiabilidad de un cuestionario o escala mediante el SPSS: el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. REIRE Revista d'Innovació i Recerca en Educació, 13(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1344/reire2020.13.230048

Salovey, P., Mayer, J., Goldman, S., Turvey, C., y Palfai, T. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J.W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). American Psychological Association.

Shahabi, M., Hasani, J., y Bjureberg, J. (2018). Psychometric properties of the brief persian versión of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (The DERS-16). Assessment for Effective Intervention, 45(2), 135-143. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508418800210

Sireci, S., y Benítez, I. (2023). Evidencias sobre la validación de los tests: una guía práctica. Psicothema, 35(3), 217-226. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2022.477

Stanton, A., Kirk, S., Cameron, C., y Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: Scale construction and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1150-1169. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1150

Staples, A. M., y Mohlman, J. (2012). Psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV and DERS in older, community-dwelling GAD patients and controls. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 385-392. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.005.

Topp, C.W., Østergaard, S.D., Søndergaard, S., y Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 well-being index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(3), 167-176. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000376585

Tull, M. T., Bardeen, J. R., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., y Gratz, K. L. (2015). A prospective investigation of emotion dysregulation as a moderator of the relation between posttraumatic stress symptoms and substance use severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29, 52-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.003

Victor, S.E., y Klonsky, E.D. (2016) Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18) in Five Samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 582-589. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-016-9547-9

Weinberg, A., y Klonsky, E. D. (2009). Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 616-621. Doi: 10.1037/a0016669.

Westerlund, M., y Santtila, P. (2018). A Finnish adaptation of the regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-16). Nordic Psychology, 70(4), 304-323. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19012