Síndrome de lisis tumoral espontáneo en seminoma no gonadal retroperitoneal: reporte de caso

Contenido principal del artículo

Oscar Vergara-Serpa
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-6897
Jaime Dulce-Muñoz
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-2786
Angélica Jayk-Bernal
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0559-9385
Agamenón Quintero-Villarreal
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-8683
María León-Díaz
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-4414
Luis Atilano-Vellojin
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-5969
María Vergara-Vergara
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-0498
Cristian Echeverri-Gonzalez
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-488X
Sandra Serrano-Valencia
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-5757
Jayder Mestra-Martínez
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-9207

Resumen

El síndrome de lisis tumoral es una emergencia oncológica causada por destrucción de la célula tumoral, de forma espontánea o secundaria a la quimioterapia, que libera el contenido intracelular al torrente sanguíneo y produce hiperuricemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia e hiperkalemia. Para su diagnóstico se debe tener un alto grado de sospecha y aplicar los criterios de Cairo-Bishop y Howard. Se presenta caso de un paciente de 35 años de edad, con antecedente de seminoma no gonadal retroperitoneal estadio IIC. Ingresó remitido desde consulta externa por intolerancia a la vía oral, deshidratación y parestesias a nivel de miembros inferiores, hiperkalemia, hipocalcemia e hiperuricemia, además de elevación de creatinina sérica. Se consideró diagnóstico de síndrome de lisis tumoral, y se trató con fluidoterapia agresiva a dosis de 2-3 L/m2/día de solución salina normal. También se indicó rasburicasa y se corrigieron las alteraciones electrolíticas. Una vez se tuvo la función renal por encima de 60 mL/min/1,73 m3, se inició tratamiento citorreductor con cisplatino, etopósido y bleomicina. Se concluye la importancia de tener sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes oncológicos, incluso en neoplasias de bajo riesgo. Asimismo, se resalta que, en las revisiones de la literatura, su incidencia está sujeta a reportes de caso.

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Vergara-Serpa, . O., Dulce-Muñoz, J., Jayk-Bernal, A., Quintero-Villarreal, A., León-Díaz, M., Atilano-Vellojin, L., … Mestra-Martínez, J. (2022). Síndrome de lisis tumoral espontáneo en seminoma no gonadal retroperitoneal: reporte de caso. Duazary, 19(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.4694
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