Prevalencia y factores asociados a infección por SARS-CoV-2 en adultos mayores institucionalizados

Nathalia Buitrago-Gómez; José Zambrano-Urbano; Juan Muñoz-Realpe; José Mauricio Ocampo-Chaparro; Claudia Hernández-Arango; María Cristina Lesmes-Duque; Lyda Elena Osorio-Amaya; Carlos Alfonso Reyes-Ortiz

doi:10.21676/2389783X.4691

PDF

Publicado: jun. 30, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.4691

Palabras clave:

prevalencia, anciano, infecciones por Coronavirus, casas de salud, prevención y control, anticuerpos

Nathalia Buitrago-Gómez

Universidad Libre

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-9645

José Zambrano-Urbano

Universidad Libre

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-9136

Juan Muñoz-Realpe

Universidad Libre

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-8873

José Mauricio Ocampo-Chaparro

Universidad Libre; Universidad del Valle

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-4764

Claudia Hernández-Arango

Secretaria de salud departamental del Valle del Cauca

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-3509

María Cristina Lesmes-Duque

Secretaria de salud departamental del Valle del Cauca

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5093-6849

Lyda Elena Osorio-Amaya

Universidad del Valle

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-4741

Carlos Alfonso Reyes-Ortiz

Florida A&M University

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-7791

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infección y los factores asociados con la COVID-19 en una institución geriátrica de Cali, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio observacional de corte transversal en adultos mayores institucionalizados durante un brote de COVID-19. En una población de 252 adultos a los cuales se les realizó tamización mediante pruebas para detección de SARS-CoV-2, se analizó la prevalencia de la infección por la COVID-19 y su relación con las características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, síntomas y clinimetría geriátrica mediante modelos de regresión bivariados con razones de prevalencias. De esta población, 84 (33,3%) se infectaron. Se encontró mayor prevalencia de la enfermedad en adultos ≥80 años (RP= 1,69 IC 95% 1,16-2,47), con malnutrición (MNA<17) (RP= 1,44 IC 95% 1,01-2,04) y con un índice de Barthel <60 (RP= 1,57 IC 95% 1,09-2,25). Los infectados se presentaron en su mayoría con fiebre (RP= 2,08 IC 95% 1,39-3,09) y tos (RP= 1,61 IC 95% 1,10-2,34). En conclusión, la prevalencia de infección por COVID-19 en el adulto mayor institucionalizado se relaciona con edad avanzada, malnutrición y dependencia funcional.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Buitrago-Gómez, N., Zambrano-Urbano, J., Muñoz-Realpe, J., Ocampo-Chaparro, J. M., Hernández-Arango, C., Lesmes-Duque, M. C., … Reyes-Ortiz, C. A. (2022). Prevalencia y factores asociados a infección por SARS-CoV-2 en adultos mayores institucionalizados. Duazary, 19(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.4691

Número

Vol. 19 Núm. 2 (2022): (abril - junio)

Sección

Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

No se permite un uso comercial de la obra original ni de las posibles obras derivadas, la distribución de las cuales se debe hacer con una licencia igual a la que regula la obra original.

Citas

Instituto nacional de salud de Colombia. Noticias coronavirus-casos [Internet]. [consultado 2020 Oct 18]. Disponible en: https://www.ins.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/coronavirus-casos.aspx

(CMS) C for M& MS. COVID-19 Long-Term Care Facility Guidance [Internet]. [consultado 2020 Oct 18]. Disponible en: https://www.cms.gov/files/document/4220-covid-19-long-term-care-facility-guidance.pdf

Weissleder R, Lee H, Ko J, Pittet MJ. COVID-19 diagnostics in context. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(546):eabc1931. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abc1931

Gao Z, Xu Y, Sun C, Wang X, Guo Y, Qiu S, et al. A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(1):12-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.05.001

Feaster M, Goh YY. High Proportion of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in 9 Long-Term Care Facilities, Pasadena, California, USA, April 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(10):2416–9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.202694

Kimball A, Hatfield KM, Arons M, James A, Taylor J, Spicer K, et al. Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Summ CDC. 2020;69(13):377–81.Doi: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e1

D’Adamo H, Yoshikawa T, Ouslander JG. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(5):912–7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16445

Mehta HB, Li S, Goodwin JS. Risk Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Hospitalization, and Mortality among US Nursing Home Residents. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):1–14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.631

Bernal W, Pérez D, Gómez B, Castro X, Aristizabal L, Ocampo JM, et al. Ruta de manejo del adulto mayor con sospecha de infección por SARS CoV-2/COVID-19 en centros de protección de larga estancia para dultos mayores en el departamento del Valle del Cauca - Colombia. Rev ACGG [internet]. 2020;34(1):29–44. Disponible en: https://acgg.org.co/wp-content/uploads/Art4_Revista_Gerontologia_Vol34_Final.pdf

Rajter JC, Sherman M, Fatteh N, Vogel F, Sacks J, Rajter J. ICON (Ivermectin in COvid Nineteen) study: Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID19. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020.06.06.20124461. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009

Meneses J, Figueroa MDR, Paniagua L, Briones JC, Meneses J, Vargas MJ, et al. Nitazoxanide against COVID-19 in three explorative scenarios. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020;14(9):982–6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3855/JIDC.13274

Marchandot B, Trimaille A, Curtiaud A, Matsushita K, Jesel L, Morel O. Thromboprophylaxis: balancing evidence and experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(4):799–808. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02231-3

RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:693–704. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021436

Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Adriano A, Berhane S, Davenport C, Dittrich S, et al. Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2020(8). Doi: https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD013705

Jääskeläinen AJ, Kuivanen S, Kekäläinen E, Ahava MJ, Loginov R, Kallio-Kokko H, et al. Performance of six SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays in comparison with microneutralisation. J Clin Virol. 2020;129:104512. Doi: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386653220302547

Volk ML, Hernandez JC, Lok AS, Marrero JA. Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index for predicting survival after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant. 2007 Nov;13(11):1515–20. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21172

Cereda E. Mini nutritional assessment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(1):29–41. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834d7647

Soysal P, Isik AT, Arik F, Kalan U, Eyvaz A, Veronese N. Validity of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Scale for Evaluating Frailty Status in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(2):183–7. Doi: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23337214221079956

Mahoney F, Barthel D. Functional evaluation: the barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–5. pmid: 14258950 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14258950/

Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):179–86. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179

Duffy L, Gajree S, Langhorne P, Stott DJ, Quinn TJ. Reliability (Inter-rater Agreement) of the barthel index for assessment of stroke survivors: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2013;44(2):462–8.

Doi: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.678615

Edwards MM. The Reliability and Validity of Self-Report Activities of Daily Living Scales. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(5):273–8.

Doi: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000841749005700507

Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: Association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journals Gerontol. 1994;49(2). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85

Gómez JF, Curcio C-L, Alvarado B, Zunzunegui MV, Guralnik J. Validity and reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Colomb Médica C. 2013;44(3):165–71. https://colombiamedica.univalle.edu.co/index.php/comedica/article/view/1181

Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. Cmaj. 2005;173(5):489–95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051

Kaeppeli T, Rueegg M, Dreher-Hummel T, Brabrand M, Kabell-Nissen S, Carpenter CR, et al. Validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale for Prediction of Thirty-Day Mortality in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76(3):291–300. Doi: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196064420302183

Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI, et al. Clarifying Confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(12):941. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941

Maybrier HR, Mickle AM, Escallier KE, Lin N, Schmitt EM, Upadhyayula RT, et al. Reliability and accuracy of delirium assessments among investigators at multiple international centres. BMJ Open. 2018;8(11):1–7. Doi: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023137

Ladhani SN, Chow JY, Janarthanan R, Fok J, Crawley-Boevey E, Vusirikala A, et al. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in six care homes in London, April 2020. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100533. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100533

McMichael TM, Currie DW, Clark S, Pogosjans S, Kay M, Schwartz NG, et al. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(21):2005–11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2005412

Ladhani SN, Jeffery-Smith A, Patel M, Janarthanan R, Fok J, Crawley-Boevey E, et al. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in care homes affected by COVID-19: Prospective cohort study, England. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;28:100597. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100597

Gambino CM, Lo Sasso B, Colomba C, Giglio RV, Agnello L, Bivona G, et al. Comparison of a rapid immunochromatographic test with a chemiluminescence immunoassay for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2020;30(3):030901. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2020.030901

Graham Nsn, Junghans C, McLaren R, Randell P, Lang N, Ladhani Sn, et al. High rates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in nursing home residents. J Infect. 2021;82(2):282-327. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.040.

Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Krammer F, Langeland N; Bergen COVID-19 Research Group. Seroconversion in household members of COVID-19 outpatients. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;0(0). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30466-7

Belli S, Balbi B, Prince I, Cattaneo D, Masocco F, Zaccaria S,et al. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived hospitalisation. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(4):2002096. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02096-2020.

Heras E, Garibaldi P, Boix M, Valero O, Castillo J, Curbelo Y, et al. COVID-19 mortality risk factors in older people in a long-term care center. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;Low physic:1–7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00432-w

Silverio R, Gonçalves DC, Andrade MF, Seelaender M. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Nutritional Status: The Missing Link? Adv Nutr. 2020;2019:1–11.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa125

Lidoriki I, Frountzas M, Schizas D. Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly? Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109946. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109946

Phu S, Kirk B, Bani Hassan E, Vogrin S, Zanker J, Bernardo S, et al. The diagnostic value of the Short Physical Performance Battery for sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1–7. Doi: https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-020-01642-4

Siahaan YMT, Hartoyo V, Hariyanto TI, Kurniawan A. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outcomes in patients with sarcopenia: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Clin Nutr ESPEN [Internet]. 2022;48:158–66.

Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.016

Cheval B, Sieber S, Maltagliati S, Millet GP, Formánek T, Chalabaev A, et al. Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(5):1136–43. Doi: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.12738

Kara O, Kara M, Emre ML O. Grip strength as a predictor of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Hear Lung. 2021;50(6):743–7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.005

Salini S, Russo A, De Matteis G, Piccioni A, Della Polla D, Carbone L, et al. Frailty in Elderly Patients with Covid-19: A Narrative Review. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2022;8:1–7. Doi: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23337214221079956

Pisaturo M, Calò F, Russo A, Camaioni C, Giaccone A, Pinchera B, et al. Dementia as Risk Factor for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13(June). Doi: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.698184/full

Kalantari H, Tabrizi AHH, Foroohi F. Determination of COVID-19 prevalence with regards to age range of patients referring to the hospitals located in western Tehran, Iran. Gene Reports. 2020;21:100910. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100910

Barra lateral del artículo

Contenido principal del artículo

Resumen

Descargas

Detalles del artículo

Citas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a