Procedimiento para la prevención de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos: aplicación en trabajos de minería subterránea
Barra lateral del artículo
Publicado:
abr. 18, 2020
Palabras clave:
ergonomía, enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, riesgos laborales, factores de riesgo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La incidencia y prevalencia de los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral, es en la actualidad uno de los desafíos más importantes que enfrenta el sector minero. En este trabajo se propone un procedimiento para prevenir estas enfermedades, sustentado en la participación activa de los trabajadores. El procedimiento quedó estructurado en cuatro etapas: identificación de peligros, evaluación de riesgo, propuesta de las mejoras e implementación y seguimiento. Para apoyar la aplicación del procedimiento fueron propuestos un conjunto de métodos y herramientas ergonómicas apropiados para los trabajos de minería. Se muestran los principales resultados de la aplicación del procedimiento en una mina subterránea de Perú, evidenciando el valor práctico de este, así como su utilidad en la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo y en la creación de una cultura preventiva. Se espera que el procedimiento propuesto sirva de referencia en la prevención de los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos en trabajos de minería.
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Cómo citar
Rodríguez-Ruíz, Y. ., Pérez-Mergarejo, E. ., & Barrantes-Pastor, W. A. . (2020). Procedimiento para la prevención de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos: aplicación en trabajos de minería subterránea. Duazary, 17(3), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3322
Sección
Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica
No se permite un uso comercial de la obra original ni de las posibles obras derivadas, la distribución de las cuales se debe hacer con una licencia igual a la que regula la obra original.
Citas
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11. Torres Y, Rodríguez Y. Ergonomic intervention for reducing the exposure to musculoskeletal disorders risk factors in pharmaceutical production centre. Ergonomics SA. 2012;24(2):58-75. Available from: https://bit.ly/2L7nsL9.
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13. Hignett S, Wilson JR, Morris W. Finding ergonomic solutions—participatory approaches. Occup Med. 2005;55(3):200-207. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi084.
14. Badri A, Nadeau S, Gbodossou A. A new practical approach to risk management for underground mining project in Quebec. J Loss Prev Process Ind. 2013 Nov;26(6):1145-1158. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2013.04.014.
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19. Hignett S, McAtamney L. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Appl Ergon. 2000;31(2):201-205. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(99)00039-3.
20. Rodríguez Y, Heredia JJ. Confiabilidad inter-observador del método de Evaluación de Riesgo Individual. Promoción Salud. 2013; 18(1):41-56. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3091/309126802004.pdf.
21. Al Madani D, Dababneh A. Rapid entire body assessment: a literature review. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2016; 9(1):107–118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2016.107.118.
22. Takala E-P, Pehkonen I, Forsman M, Hansson G-A, Mathiassen SE, Neumann WP, et al. Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010; 36(1):3-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2876.
23. ISO 11228-3. Ergonomics — Manual handling — Part 3: Handling of low loads at high frequency. International Organization for Standardization [Internet]. [Cited 2018 Jan 15]. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:11228:-3:ed-1:v2:en
24. Rodríguez Y. ERIN: método práctico para evaluar la exposición a factores de riesgo de desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos [Doctoral Thesis in Technical Sciences]. [Havana, Cuba]: Department of Industrial Engineering. Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría; 2011.
25. Rodriguez Y, Vina S, Montero R. A Method for Non-experts in Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders-ERIN. Ind Health. 2013 Nov;51(6):622-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2013-0008
26. McAtamney L, Hignett S. Rapid Entire Body Assessment. In: Stanton NA, Hedge A, Brookhuis K, Salas E, Hendrick HW, editors. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods. First edition. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press LLC; 2006.
27. Marras WS, Karwowski W, editors. Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics. First edition. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2006.
28. Gallagher S, Hamrick. CA. Nature and cost of low back pain. In: Peters R. compiler. Improving safety at small underground mines: Proceedings. Pittsburgh, USA: Bureau of Mines; 2012.
29. Wilson JR. Fundamentals of systems ergonomics/human factors. Appl Ergon. 2014;45(1):5-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.03.021.
2. IEA. International Ergonomics Association. Triennial Report [Internet]. Santa Monica, CA.: IEA Press; 2000-2003. [Cited 2010 Jan 10]. Available from: www.iea.cc.
3. Kuorinka I, Forcier L, editors. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs): a reference book for prevention. First edition. London, Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis; 1995.
4. Eurostat. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. OSH in figures: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the EU — Facts and figures [Internet]. [Cited 2018 Dec 8]. Available from: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/osh-figures-work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-eu-facts-and-figures.
5. Bernard B. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: A critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back [Internet]. [Cited 2018 Nov 29]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/pdfs/97-141.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB97141.
6. Colombini D, Occhipinti E. Preventing upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDS): New approaches in job (re)design and current trends in standardization. Appl Ergon. 2006 Jul;37(4):441-450. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2006.04.008.
7. Scott P, Kogi K, McPhee B. Ergonomics guidelines for occupational health practice in industrially developing countries. First edition. Darmstadt, Germany: International Ergonomics Association and International Commission on Occupational Health; 2010.
8. Torma-Krajewski J, Steiner LJ, Burgess-Limerick R. Ergonomics processes: Implementation guide and tools for the mining industry. Information Circular 9509 [Internet]. [Cited 2015 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/UserFiles/works/pdfs/2009-107.pdf.
9. Gallagher S. Reducing Low Back Pain and Disability in Mining. Report No.: IC 9507 [Internet]. [Cited 2016 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet406.html.
10. Gallagher S, Mayton AG, Moore SM, Pollard JP, Porter WL. Demands on the knee during kneeling and squatting activities common to low-seam mining. Report of Investigations 9681 [Internet]. [Cited 2016 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/UserFiles/works/pdfs/2011-176.pdf.
11. Torres Y, Rodríguez Y. Ergonomic intervention for reducing the exposure to musculoskeletal disorders risk factors in pharmaceutical production centre. Ergonomics SA. 2012;24(2):58-75. Available from: https://bit.ly/2L7nsL9.
12. Brown O. Participatory Ergonomics. In: Stanton NA, Hedge A, Brookhuis K, Salas E, Hendrick HW, editors. Handbook of human factors and ergonomics methods. First edition. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2005.
13. Hignett S, Wilson JR, Morris W. Finding ergonomic solutions—participatory approaches. Occup Med. 2005;55(3):200-207. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi084.
14. Badri A, Nadeau S, Gbodossou A. A new practical approach to risk management for underground mining project in Quebec. J Loss Prev Process Ind. 2013 Nov;26(6):1145-1158. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2013.04.014.
15. OHSCO. Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario. Resource Manual for the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario. Ontario: Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Series. Part 2 [Internet]. [Cited 2016 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.workplacesafetynorth.ca/sites/default/files/msd_prevention_resource_manual_2007%20%281%29.pdf.
16. Taveira AD, Smith MJ. Social and organizational foundations of ergonomics. In: Salvendy G, editor. Handbook of human factors and ergonomics. 4th edition. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, INC.; 2012.
17. Rodríguez Y. Individual Risk Assessment (ERIN): Method for the Assessment of Workplace Risks for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. In: Hernández J., Maldonado A., Castillo J., Peinado P. Handbook of Research on Ergonomics and Product Design. First edition. Pennsylvania, USA: IGI Global; 2018.
18. Ruíz Y.R. ERIN: A Practical Tool for Assessing Exposure to Risks Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. In: Bagnara S., Tartaglia R., Albolino S., Alexander T., Fujita Y., editors. Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Switzerland: Springer Cham; 2019.
19. Hignett S, McAtamney L. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Appl Ergon. 2000;31(2):201-205. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(99)00039-3.
20. Rodríguez Y, Heredia JJ. Confiabilidad inter-observador del método de Evaluación de Riesgo Individual. Promoción Salud. 2013; 18(1):41-56. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3091/309126802004.pdf.
21. Al Madani D, Dababneh A. Rapid entire body assessment: a literature review. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2016; 9(1):107–118. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2016.107.118.
22. Takala E-P, Pehkonen I, Forsman M, Hansson G-A, Mathiassen SE, Neumann WP, et al. Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010; 36(1):3-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2876.
23. ISO 11228-3. Ergonomics — Manual handling — Part 3: Handling of low loads at high frequency. International Organization for Standardization [Internet]. [Cited 2018 Jan 15]. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:11228:-3:ed-1:v2:en
24. Rodríguez Y. ERIN: método práctico para evaluar la exposición a factores de riesgo de desórdenes músculo-esqueléticos [Doctoral Thesis in Technical Sciences]. [Havana, Cuba]: Department of Industrial Engineering. Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría; 2011.
25. Rodriguez Y, Vina S, Montero R. A Method for Non-experts in Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders-ERIN. Ind Health. 2013 Nov;51(6):622-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2013-0008
26. McAtamney L, Hignett S. Rapid Entire Body Assessment. In: Stanton NA, Hedge A, Brookhuis K, Salas E, Hendrick HW, editors. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods. First edition. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press LLC; 2006.
27. Marras WS, Karwowski W, editors. Interventions, Controls, and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics. First edition. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2006.
28. Gallagher S, Hamrick. CA. Nature and cost of low back pain. In: Peters R. compiler. Improving safety at small underground mines: Proceedings. Pittsburgh, USA: Bureau of Mines; 2012.
29. Wilson JR. Fundamentals of systems ergonomics/human factors. Appl Ergon. 2014;45(1):5-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.03.021.