Palabras clave
selenoproteínas
genes
antioxidantes
peces
nutrición
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los nutrientes presentes en el alimento, son de vital importancia para los procesos biológicos en los animales, de esta manera la selección de los ingredientes que conforman la dieta, son esenciales para determinar la inclusión apropiada. Estos nutrientes se dividen en dos grupos macronutrientes que se requieren en grandes cantidades, y proporcionan la mayor parte de energía que necesita un organismo, entre los cuales se encuentran proteínas, lípidos y carbohidratos y los micronutrientes requeridos en menor cantidad, utilizados para regeneración de tejidos y la regulación de procesos corporales, como las vitaminas y los minerales. Estos últimos, garantizan un buen desarrollo de las funciones fisiológicas de los organismos y son necesarios para el metabolismo, generando un fortalecimiento del sistema inmunitario y prevención de enfermedades. Entre los minerales con marcado interés en la acuicultura se encuentra el selenio (Se), mineral traza, que se encuentra en forma de compuestos inorgánicos como selenito y selenato, o compuestos orgánicos en forma de seleno-aminoácidos tales como seleno-cisteína y seleno-metionina. La importancia biológica del selenio radica en su incorporación a moléculas llamadas selenoproteínas, las cuales tienen diferentes funciones tales como; homeostasis de los organismos, (tiorredoxina y del glutatión), en el metabolismo de hormonas tiroideas, (tironina deyodinasa), maduración de espermatozoides y antioxidantes (glutatión peroxidasa), funciones musculares (selenoproteina N), entre otras. De las diferentes selenoproteínas que existen, la mayor parte de ellas se conservan en peces. En los sistemas de acuicultura se ha venido implementando su incorporación en la dieta, con resultados óptimos en los parámetros zootécnicos, en el fortalecimiento inmunológico, y en la expresión de genes. Esta revisión muestra la importancia de Se en peces, destacándose estudios que evalúan los efectos de suplementar dietas con Se para la alimentación de animales acuáticos en cautiverio y la necesidad de determinar requerimientos especie-específicos.Citas
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