Economía y Energía: Análisis de la Eficiencia Energética y el Rol de las Energías Renovables
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Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar el relacionamiento entre el Producto Interno Bruto (pib), el Gasto en Investigación y Desarrollo (i+d), la intensidad energética y el consumo de energías renovables en 37 países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (ocde) entre 2012 y 2020. Se utilizó la herramienta estadística jamovi, a través de las técnicas de Análisis de Componentes Principales (acp), K-mean Clustering, Matriz de Correlaciones, entre otros. Se concluye que se conforman dos componentes: intensidad energética y consumo de renovables, y por otro lado pib y Gasto en i+d, por lo que no se detecta un adecuado relacionamiento entre crecimiento económico y eficiencia energética; asimismo, se generaron dos clústeres, por un lado, Islandia, y el otro clúster confirmado por los restantes 36 países —destacando a Estados Unidos—. En la combinación entre componentes y clústeres, sobresalen países como Islandia, Estados Unidos, países escandinavos, Canadá, Nueva Zelanda, Reino Unidos, Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, entre otros.
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